The birth control pill
Daily hormonal contraception
The pill is one of the most common forms of birth control. Taken once a day, it uses hormones to prevent pregnancy — and for many people, it also makes periods lighter, more predictable, and less painful.
Effectiveness
91–99%
How often
Every day
STD protection
No
Prescription needed
Yes
Hormones
Estrogen + progestin (or progestin only)
Fertility return
Usually within 1–3 months
How it works
The pill contains synthetic hormones that stop ovulation — no egg, no pregnancy. It also thickens cervical mucus (making it harder for sperm to travel) and thins the uterine lining. There are two main types: combination pills contain estrogen and progestin, while progestin-only pills (the "mini pill") are a good option for people who can't take estrogen.
Combination pill
Contains estrogen and progestin. The most common type. Comes in different hormone levels and schedules — your provider can help find the right fit.
Mini pill (progestin-only)
Contains only progestin. A good option if you're breastfeeding, have migraines with aura, or can't take estrogen for other reasons. Must be taken at the same time every day.
How to take it
- 1Take one pill every day, ideally at the same time each day.
- 2Most packs have 21 active pills and 7 placebo pills — you get your period during the placebo week.
- 3Some people skip the placebo pills to skip their period entirely. This is safe.
- 4If you start the pill on the first day of your period, it works immediately. Otherwise, use a backup method for 7 days.
What if you miss a pill?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it's been more than 24 hours (or 3+ hours for the mini pill), use a backup method like condoms for the next 7 days. If you missed 2 or more pills in a row, check the instructions in your pack or call your provider.
Pros & cons
Pros
- Highly effective when taken consistently
- Can reduce cramps, acne, and PMS symptoms
- Makes periods lighter, shorter, and more predictable
- Fertility returns quickly after stopping
- Can be prescribed confidentially at many clinics
Cons
- Must be taken every day — easy to forget
- Does not protect against STDs
- Some people experience nausea, mood changes, or headaches, especially at first
- Requires a prescription
- Less effective if you miss pills or take certain medications (like some antibiotics or seizure meds)
How to get it — including confidentially
The pill requires a prescription, but getting one is easier than most people think. Planned Parenthood and Title X clinics see teens regularly and can prescribe it confidentially — meaning without telling your parents. In many states, pharmacists can also prescribe the pill directly without a separate doctor visit.
- Planned Parenthood offers confidential appointments and sliding-scale fees — many teens pay nothing.
- Title X family planning clinics are federally funded and serve people of all income levels.
- If you have a parent's insurance, ask the clinic about avoiding an Explanation of Benefits (EOB) being sent home.
- In many states, you can get a prescription through telehealth apps like Nurx or Pill Club, delivered to any address.
Common questions
Ready to talk to someone?
A provider can help you figure out if the pill is right for you and get you a prescription — often confidentially and at low or no cost.
Find a clinic near you